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NAME | LIBRARY | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | RETURN VALUE | ATTRIBUTES | STANDARDS | HISTORY | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON |
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fnmatch(3) Library Functions Manual fnmatch(3)
fnmatch - match filename or pathname
Standard C library (libc, -lc)
#include <fnmatch.h>
int fnmatch(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags);
The fnmatch() function checks whether the string argument matches
the pattern argument, which is a shell wildcard pattern (see
glob(7)).
The flags argument modifies the behavior; it is the bitwise OR of
zero or more of the following flags:
FNM_NOESCAPE
If this flag is set, treat backslash as an ordinary
character, instead of an escape character.
FNM_PATHNAME
If this flag is set, match a slash in string only with a
slash in pattern and not by an asterisk (*) or a question
mark (?) metacharacter, nor by a bracket expression ([])
containing a slash.
FNM_PERIOD
If this flag is set, a leading period in string has to be
matched exactly by a period in pattern. A period is
considered to be leading if it is the first character in
string, or if both FNM_PATHNAME is set and the period
immediately follows a slash.
FNM_FILE_NAME
This is a GNU synonym for FNM_PATHNAME.
FNM_LEADING_DIR
If this flag (a GNU extension) is set, the pattern is
considered to be matched if it matches an initial segment
of string which is followed by a slash. This flag is
mainly for the internal use of glibc and is implemented
only in certain cases.
FNM_CASEFOLD
FNM_IGNORECASE (same as FNM_CASEFOLD)
If this flag is set, the pattern is matched case-
insensitively.
FNM_EXTMATCH
If this flag (a GNU extension) is set, extended patterns
are supported, as introduced by 'ksh' and now supported by
other shells. The extended format is as follows, with
pattern-list being a '|' separated list of patterns.
'?(pattern-list)'
The pattern matches if zero or one occurrences of any of
the patterns in the pattern-list match the input string.
'*(pattern-list)'
The pattern matches if zero or more occurrences of any of
the patterns in the pattern-list match the input string.
'+(pattern-list)'
The pattern matches if one or more occurrences of any of
the patterns in the pattern-list match the input string.
'@(pattern-list)'
The pattern matches if exactly one occurrence of any of the
patterns in the pattern-list match the input string.
'!(pattern-list)'
The pattern matches if the input string cannot be matched
with any of the patterns in the pattern-list.
Zero if string matches pattern, FNM_NOMATCH if there is no match
or another nonzero value if there is an error.
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
attributes(7).
┌───────────────────────────┬───────────────┬────────────────────┐
│ Interface │ Attribute │ Value │
├───────────────────────────┼───────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ fnmatch() │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe env locale │
└───────────────────────────┴───────────────┴────────────────────┘
fnmatch()
POSIX.1-2008.
FNM_CASEFOLD
FNM_IGNORECASE
POSIX.1-2024.
FNM_FILE_NAME
FNM_LEADING_DIR
GNU.
fnmatch()
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.2.
FNM_CASEFOLD
has been available on many systems even before
POSIX.1-2024.
sh(1), glob(3), scandir(3), wordexp(3), glob(7)
This page is part of the man-pages (Linux kernel and C library
user-space interface documentation) project. Information about
the project can be found at
⟨https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/⟩. If you have a bug report
for this manual page, see
⟨https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/docs/man-pages/man-pages.git/tree/CONTRIBUTING⟩.
This page was obtained from the tarball man-pages-6.15.tar.gz
fetched from
⟨https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/man-pages/⟩ on
2025-08-11. If you discover any rendering problems in this HTML
version of the page, or you believe there is a better or more up-
to-date source for the page, or you have corrections or
improvements to the information in this COLOPHON (which is not
part of the original manual page), send a mail to
[email protected]
Linux man-pages 6.15 2025-05-17 fnmatch(3)
Pages that refer to this page: find(1), git-diff(1), git-diff-files(1), git-diff-index(1), git-diff-pairs(1), git-diff-tree(1), git-format-patch(1), git-log(1), git-show(1), systemctl(1), glob(3), scandir(3), wordexp(3), glob(7), ss(8)
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HTML rendering created 2025-09-06 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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