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PROLOG | NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | OPERANDS | STDIN | INPUT FILES | ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES | ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS | STDOUT | STDERR | OUTPUT FILES | EXTENDED DESCRIPTION | EXIT STATUS | CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS | APPLICATION USAGE | EXAMPLES | RATIONALE | FUTURE DIRECTIONS | SEE ALSO | COPYRIGHT |
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CAL(1P) POSIX Programmer's Manual CAL(1P)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The
Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or
the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
cal — print a calendar
cal [[month] year]
The cal utility shall write a calendar to standard output using
the Julian calendar for dates from January 1, 1 through September
2, 1752 and the Gregorian calendar for dates from September 14,
1752 through December 31, 9999 as though the Gregorian calendar
had been adopted on September 14, 1752.
If no operands are given, cal shall produce a one-month calendar
for the current month in the current year. If only the year
operand is given, cal shall produce a calendar for all twelve
months in the given calendar year. If both month and year operands
are given, cal shall produce a one-month calendar for the given
month in the given year.
None.
The following operands shall be supported:
month Specify the month to be displayed, represented as a
decimal integer from 1 (January) to 12 (December).
year Specify the year for which the calendar is displayed,
represented as a decimal integer from 1 to 9999.
Not used.
None.
The following environment variables shall affect the execution of
cal:
LANG Provide a default value for the internationalization
variables that are unset or null. (See the Base
Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 8.2,
Internationalization Variables for the precedence of
internationalization variables used to determine the
values of locale categories.)
LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values
of all the other internationalization variables.
LC_CTYPE Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences
of bytes of text data as characters (for example,
single-byte as opposed to multi-byte characters in
arguments).
LC_MESSAGES
Determine the locale that should be used to affect the
format and contents of diagnostic messages written to
standard error, and informative messages written to
standard output.
LC_TIME Determine the format and contents of the calendar.
NLSPATH Determine the location of message catalogs for the
processing of LC_MESSAGES.
TZ Determine the timezone used to calculate the value of
the current month.
Default.
The standard output shall be used to display the calendar, in an
unspecified format.
The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
None.
None.
The following exit values shall be returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
Default.
The following sections are informative.
Note that:
cal 83
refers to A.D. 83, not 1983.
None.
Earlier versions of this standard incorrectly required that the
command:
cal 2000
write a one-month calendar for the current calendar month (no
matter what the current year is) in the year 2000 to standard
output. This did not match historic practice in any known version
of the cal utility. The description has been updated to match
historic practice. When only the year operand is given, cal
writes a twelve-month calendar for the specified year.
A future version of this standard may support locale-specific
recognition of the date of adoption of the Gregorian calendar.
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Chapter 8,
Environment Variables
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic
form from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information
Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The
Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition, Copyright
(C) 2018 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between
this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard,
the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee
document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page
are most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of
the source files to man page format. To report such errors, see
https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .
IEEE/The Open Group 2017 CAL(1P)
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HTML rendering created 2025-09-06 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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