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PROLOG | NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | OPERANDS | STDIN | INPUT FILES | ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES | ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS | STDOUT | STDERR | OUTPUT FILES | EXTENDED DESCRIPTION | EXIT STATUS | CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS | APPLICATION USAGE | EXAMPLES | RATIONALE | FUTURE DIRECTIONS | SEE ALSO | COPYRIGHT |
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ASA(1P) POSIX Programmer's Manual ASA(1P)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The
Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or
the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
asa — interpret carriage-control characters
asa [file...]
The asa utility shall write its input files to standard output,
mapping carriage-control characters from the text files to line-
printer control sequences in an implementation-defined manner.
The first character of every line shall be removed from the input,
and the following actions are performed.
If the character removed is:
<space> The rest of the line is output without change.
0 A <newline> is output, then the rest of the input line.
1 One or more implementation-defined characters that
causes an advance to the next page shall be output,
followed by the rest of the input line.
+ The <newline> of the previous line shall be replaced
with one or more implementation-defined characters that
causes printing to return to column position 1, followed
by the rest of the input line. If the '+' is the first
character in the input, it shall be equivalent to
<space>.
The action of the asa utility is unspecified upon encountering any
character other than those listed above as the first character in
a line.
None.
file A pathname of a text file used for input. If no file
operands are specified, the standard input shall be
used.
The standard input shall be used if no file operands are
specified, and shall be used if a file operand is '-' and the
implementation treats the '-' as meaning standard input.
Otherwise, the standard input shall not be used. See the INPUT
FILES section.
The input files shall be text files.
The following environment variables shall affect the execution of
asa:
LANG Provide a default value for the internationalization
variables that are unset or null. (See the Base
Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 8.2,
Internationalization Variables for the precedence of
internationalization variables used to determine the
values of locale categories.)
LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values
of all the other internationalization variables.
LC_CTYPE Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences
of bytes of text data as characters (for example,
single-byte as opposed to multi-byte characters in
arguments and input files).
LC_MESSAGES
Determine the locale that should be used to affect the
format and contents of diagnostic messages written to
standard error.
NLSPATH Determine the location of message catalogs for the
processing of LC_MESSAGES.
Default.
The standard output shall be the text from the input file modified
as described in the DESCRIPTION section.
None.
None.
None.
The following exit values shall be returned:
0 All input files were output successfully.
>0 An error occurred.
Default.
The following sections are informative.
None.
1. The following command:
asa file
permits the viewing of file (created by a program using
FORTRAN-style carriage-control characters) on a terminal.
2. The following command:
a.out | asa | lp
formats the FORTRAN output of a.out and directs it to the
printer.
The asa utility is needed to map ``standard'' FORTRAN 77 output
into a form acceptable to contemporary printers. Usually, asa is
used to pipe data to the lp utility; see lp.
This utility is generally used only by FORTRAN programs. The
standard developers decided to retain asa to avoid breaking the
historical large base of FORTRAN applications that put carriage-
control characters in their output files. There is no requirement
that a system have a FORTRAN compiler in order to run applications
that need asa.
Historical implementations have used an ASCII <form-feed> in
response to a 1 and an ASCII <carriage-return> in response to a
'+'. It is suggested that implementations treat characters other
than 0, 1, and '+' as <space> in the absence of any compelling
reason to do otherwise. However, the action is listed here as
``unspecified'', permitting an implementation to provide
extensions to access fast multiple-line slewing and channel
seeking in a non-portable manner.
None.
fort77(1p), lp(1p)
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Chapter 8,
Environment Variables
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic
form from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information
Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The
Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition, Copyright
(C) 2018 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between
this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard,
the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee
document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page
are most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of
the source files to man page format. To report such errors, see
https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .
IEEE/The Open Group 2017 ASA(1P)
Pages that refer to this page: fort77(1p)
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HTML rendering created 2025-09-06 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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